In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus neurogenin 3, the sirtuin 1 gene expression and polymorphism

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in the world. As a result of insulin hormone secretion and the shortage of insulin effect, it is a chronic metabolism disease causing disorders in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. DM is diagnosed through determining the blood glucose level above normal due to the failure, shortage or ineffectiveness in secreting insulin which is one of the two hormones secreted by pancreas.SIRT-1 gene is necessary for the induction of gluconeogenesis gene and the regression of glycolytic gene. The studies in literature report that SIRT-1 gene plays an important role in the development of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, has a critical role for pancreatic islet cell differentiation and regeneration. Through the obtained results, the susceptibility to Type 2 DM disease and the effectiveness of the treatment in Type 2 DM patients are aimed to be examined and measures for them are aimed to be taken. The presents study examines the susceptibility to Type 2 DM disease, the effectiveness of treatment and its relation with control through Neurogenins 3 and SIRT-1 Gene polymorphism and expression.The present study included volunteered 40 patients who live around Elazığ Province, who were diagnosed with Type 2 DM and who aged over 30 years (10 male and 10 female who received only oral anti-diabetic treatment and 10 male and 10 female who received no medication) and volunteered 40 individuals in control group (20 male and 20 female) who aged over 30 years. In the study groups, in addition to routine blood examinations, Neurogenins 3 (Ngn3) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT-1) gene polymorphism and gene expression were examined. The study compared Type 2 DM (n=40) and control (n=40) groups in terms of SIRT1 rs7895833 gene and Ngn3 rs4536103 gene area polymorphisms. There was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of SIRT1 rs7895833 and Ngn3 rs4536103 area gene polymorphisms rates (p=0,383). The study determined no significant difference between SIRT1 rs7895833 and Ngn3 rs4536103 expression levels, and Type 2 DM state, and between SIRT1 rs7895833 and Ngn3 rs4536103 gene polymorphisms. However, some of previous studies determined relationship between these parameters. The present study is important for being the first to examine this subject in the study area. In conclusion, the study determined no significant difference between Type 2 DM and control groups in terms of the expression and polymorphism of SIRT1 rs7895833 and Ngn3 rs4536103 SNP areas. However, a negative correlation was determined between both two gene expression and BMI. In addition to the functional studies conducted, genetical and pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 induces insulin resistance and plays a significant role in the transformation of Ngn-3 from pancreas precursor to beta cell, which all indicates that new generation pharmaceutics in future will be used is the target of pathways negatively or positively affecting Ngn-3 and SIRT 1 expression. Sirtuin1 and Ngn3 gene polymorphism is thought to contribute future studies since it reveals genotype rates. Keywords: Type 2 DM, SIRT1 polymorphism, Ngn3 polymorphism, SIRT1 expression, Ngn3 expression