Effects of regular exercise and use of metformin on nesfatin-1 hormone in obese rats with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of regular exercise and regular exercise together with metformin use on Nesfatin-1 hormone in obese rats with type 2 diabetes. In the study, 27 male Wistar Albino rats, 3-6 weeks old, were preferred. When rats fed a high-fat diet became obese (>300), Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was administered and a Type 2 diabetes model was created and divided into 4 groups. The groups were fed with a high-fat diet (YYD) (n=6), the group fed a high-fat diet and exercised regularly (DE) (n=7), the group fed a high-fat diet and used Metformin (MET) (n=7), the group that was fed a high-fat diet, exercised regularly and used MET (DE+MET) (n=7). The rats were given swimming exercise for 30 minutes, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. MET was added to drinking water at a dose of 100 mg/kg every day to the groups using MET. At the end of eight weeks, BLC-2, BAX and Caspase-3 expressions and biochemical analyzes were analyzed by Immunohistochemical Staining Method in heart and endothelial tissues of rats, glucose, HDL, LDL, Insulin, HOMA-IR were analyzed by Elisa method. When the glucose levels of the experimental animals were examined, a statistically significant increase was found in the glucose levels of the control group compared to the other groups; It was determined that these levels were significantly decreased in the MET, exercise and MET+Exercise groups compared to the control group (respectively; p≤0,001, p≤0,001 and p=0.004). In the comparison of insulin levels between the groups, a significant increase was observed in the MET group compared to the control group and the exercise group (p=0.002 and p=0.006). In the examination of HOMA-IR values, a significant decrease was found in the MET, exercise and MET+Exercise groups compared to the control group (respectively; p=0.025, p=0.028, p=0.037). When the effects of MET and exercise on the changes in the lipid profile were examined, it was determined that HDL levels decreased significantly in the plasma control group and these levels increased significantly in the MET, exercise and MET+EXG groups compared to the control group (respectively p=0.010, p=0.025 and p=0.008). Considering the plasma LDL levels, the increased LDL levels in the control group; It was determined that these levels were significantly decreased in the MET, exercise and MET+EXG groups compared to the control group (respectively; p=0.013, p=0.024 and p≤0,001). When the Nesfatin-1 levels in the endothelial tissue of experimental animals were examined, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). While a significant increase was observed in the control group, a statistically significant decrease was found in the MET, exercise and MET+Exz groups (respectively; p=0.001, p≤0,001 and p≤0,001).