Türkiye'de sosyal demokrasinin tarihi

Social democracy is a movement and ideology that has undergone various changes in many countries since its first ideological origins emerged 150 years ago and has created change by having social, political and cultural impacts on societies. From a sociological point of view, there must be a need and necessity in a society for the emergence of an ideology or movement. Due to various developments, a movement or ideology emerged as an answer or solution to the situation or problems faced by society and shaped in accordance with the spirit of the time. This is exactly how the concept of social democracy emerged. A need for a movement and ideology emerged after the bourgeoisie revolutions took place and this paved the way for the industrial revolution, as well as the reflection of liberal thought on societies and the difficulties experienced by people who made their living with their labor as a result of the industrial revolution. Inspired by socialism and Marxism, the main motive that constituted this new understanding emerging and interpreted in many different countries by various schools, has been to seek answers to the question of how to address the economic inequality that emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Contrary to its ideological origins, this new movement (social democracy) that avoids confrontation with the capitalist system or bourgeoisie and seeks solutions to problems instead of causing conflicts, has also set out to seek solutions to the economic, social, cultural and political problems in society. The main objective is an ideology to ensure more equal distribution of the earnings of liberal economic system by eliminating not only the economic negativities of the working class but also all negative developments against the working class. In Europe, several understandings developed in the United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden under different circumstances, and social democracy has renewed and changed itself periodically in response to every problem society has experienced. When looking at Turkish territory, the signs of the first social democratic thinking can be seen during the Tanzimat Reform Era. The most evident difference of Turkey in this issue is that although there was no social demand in the early republic period, social democracy entered the life of Turkish society together with the Kemalist thought. Although it was not parallel to that in Europe since the Industrial Revolution did not take place in Turkey, social democracy has developed and changed in a different way according to both politicians and social needs in Turkey. This doctoral dissertation will analyze how the concept of social democracy emerged in the world as well as how it emerged and developed in Turkey. In addition, answers will be sought for the following questions: Does the development of social democracy in Turkey show parallelism with Europe? How many times has social democracy transformed in Turkey? Keywords: Social Democracy, Social Democracy in Turkey, Social Democracy in Europe