Spatial language in Yaşar Kemal's The Wind from the Plain trilogy

Space is a semantic concept that includes the locations and motions of entities in space, and the human being as an observer. Spatial language, which is the study area of spatial semantics, contains spatial expressions, which are the conventional specifications of the location or translocation of a certain entity. Metaphors or conversational implicatures do not count as spatial expressions. Spatial frames of reference, deixis, topology, toponymy, motion and lexia concepts are at the center of spatial expressions based on figure and ground relations. In many Turkish sources that use prescriptive grammar methods, the place given to the subject of space is limited. The number of linguistic studies on spatial language in Turkish is also low. The aim of this study is to explain the stages, steps and tools in the coding of spatial knowledge as a linguistic category in Turkish. For this purpose, 5 journeys selected from Yaşar Kemal's The Wind from the Plain trilogy were first divided into spatial lexias, then 1719 spatial expressions forming these lexias were listed and analyzed with the bracketing method. It has been determined that the elements that become "location" in the static spatial relationship are usually formed with /+DA/, /+DAki/, /+ki/ morphemes and the elements that become "goal", "source" and "route" in dynamic spatial relationship are usually formed with /+A/, /+DAn/ and /+I/ morphemes.Noun phrase-based ground coding strategy is dominant in Turkish. The spatial relationship is established not only with the case category, but also with word types (spatial nominals, postpositions, adverbs and verbs), word groups (noun phrase and adjective phrase) and spatial texts that are larger than sentences. Spatial nouns can be phrased with case suffixes, possessive suffixes, and postpositions. Spatial information is not only from words, phrases or sentences, more intensively and accurately extracted from lexias. For this reason, in linguistic studies on spatial language, attention should be paid to the pragmatic context of the communication and the textlinguistic references in utterances.