Determination of yield and quality characteristics of local einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum)

This study was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture at Dicle University during the 2022 wheat growing season. The aim of the research was to comparatively investigate certain agronomic and quality characteristics of Siyez wheat, a local genetic resource, alongside Tosunbey, Bayraktar, Zühre, Cemre, and Ceyhan-99 wheat cultivars, which are commonly cultivated in the Diyarbakır region. The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. According to the research findings, the average plant height was recorded as 91.83 cm, with the tallest plants observed in the Bayraktar variety (113.00 cm) and the shortest in Siyez wheat (72.33 cm). The number of grains per spike ranged from 15.50 in Siyez to 90.67 in Tosunbey. The highest grain weight per spike was recorded in Ceyhan-99 (1.18 g), while the lowest was found in Siyez wheat (0.32 g). Spike length was highest in Bayraktar (13.63 cm) and lowest in Siyez wheat (4.90 cm). The lowest single plant yield was recorded in Zühre (3.87 g), while Siyez wheat had the highest single plant yield (6.43 g). The thousand kernel weight (TKW) was highest in Zühre (35.12 g) and lowest in Tosunbey (27.62 g). Hectoliter weight was also highest in Ceyhan-99 (75.80 kg/hl) and lowest in Siyez wheat (53.10 kg/hl). The grain moisture content ranged from 10.63% in Cemre to 11.73% in Siyez wheat. Regarding gluten content, Zühre had the highest value (37.43%), while Siyez wheat had the lowest (2.90%). The highest gluten index was observed in Tosunbey (94.23%), and the lowest in Siyez wheat (38.33%). Sedimentation values ranged from 8.67 ml in Siyez wheat to 46.33 ml in Tosunbey. The findings suggest that the high single plant yield of Siyez wheat is primarily due to its high tillering capacity. Additionally, its hulled grain structure appears to contribute positively to its mineral content. Although it has low gluten content, this characteristic may offer nutritional benefits in terms of human consumption. Therefore, it is concluded that the cultivation area of Siyez wheat should be expanded and its production promoted. Keywords: Siyez Wheat, Bread Wheat Cultivars, Agronomic Traits, Quality Characteristics