Ottoman State and Arab tribes between 1908-1918

Between 1908 and 1918 II. It is called the Constitutional period. The reopening of the constitution in 1908 and the reopening of the parliament led to the liberation of the Ottoman Empire. Political structures were established in many provinces of the empire, especially in Istanbul. In Arab provinces such as Aleppo, Damascus, Baghdad and Mosul, which are considered as distant provinces of the empire, associations and parties supporting pro-İttihat ve Terakki Sakliyesi, or opposition groups, which were the strongest political structure at that time appeared. Arab tribes in Syria and Iraq in this atmosphere have had an important influence on the reforms to be made in the region. After the declaration of Constitution, the reforms that the IIT wanted to realize for the region were shaped around the need to link more territorial units to the central authority and to place the ideology of Ottomanism on the tribes. The chaotic situation of the Balkan wars and the international environment in 1911-1912 caused the Ottoman Empire to pay attention to the tribal reforms in Syria and Iraq. During the course of World War I, Arab tribes and central government relations developed a search for broad consensus. The occasional successes of the Ottoman Empire during the war increased the Arab tribes' loyalty to the state, but in the holy places such as Baghdad and Mecca, the Ottoman dominance had adversely affected the Arab tribes and led to the end of the war.