Soil erosion and control methods in the distict of Amediye (Duhok-Iraq)

Erosion is an important natural process for surviving productive lands. Soil erosion became a dangerous catastrophe ınstead of being a natural process due to an inappropriate human being interferes with nature. Each year, thousands of hectares of productive land ruin all over the world. The erosion level is in a danger in the north of Iraq due to the climate especially the high level of rain, and slope. That ıs why identification or analyzing of erosion in local or in a wider manner, and getting appropriate erosion control measures is necessary. The research aims to; Determine the important factors (nature - human) that affect the strength of soil erosion in Amediye, and also to Determıne the physical and chemical properties of soil ın Amediye. In this study, the concept of erosion, the methods of analysis of erosion and the measures that can be taken against erosion have been examined through both local and world literature. Erosion control, concept, types and basic mechanisms, erosion analysis, and estimation methods are explained. The Amediye district is located in the north of Iraq. After explaınıng the concept of erosıon and ıts types, It appeared that the water erosion was the main factor for eroding the soil in Amediye district. Some types of erossıon can be unnoticeable from one year to the next, and this can lead to serious problems over time. The control of erosion, which increases its effectiveness above a certain level if it is not intervened in time, can create very serious financial burdens in later stages compared to simple interventions. If the erosion is not controlled, our land will be rapidly irreversible. From this point on, no matter how much material power you have, it is not possible to recover the loss. IV Knowing the physical geography characteristics of the region is a very important issue. Arc GIS 10.4.1 software had been used to examine the natural structure of the region in a good way. However, erosion control methods, especially erosion in the Amediyi district were well determined and the human factor was one of the biggest factors in erosion formation in the Amediyi district. Factors such as the use of trees for burning in daily need, especially in the winter season, misuse of soil in agricultural activities, the use of primitive methods, the random feeding of animals, and the rapid increase of population. According to statistics between 1957 and 2017, these factors were the maın reseasons for soil erosion in the district of Amediye. In this study, the control of erosion is emphasized. The first step in erosion control is the creation of an erosion control plan. The preparation of an erosion control plan requires serious field research. Erosion protection is vital for the protection of soil released after the effects of wind, rain, and floodwater and forest fire. The reason for this is the correct identification of the erosion problem and its effectiveness in the field, which will significantly reduce erosion control costs. Keywords: Amediye, Dohuk, Soil. Erosion, Erosion Control.