A recommendation of adaptation strategies to climate changing for Antalya

After industrial revolution, changing cities have become economical, social and cultural attractive centers along with enhanced urbanization. Human ambition to dominate the nature, grew into a fact while information accumulated and scientific developments happened through ages. Uncontrolled utilization of resourses cause nature damage in time, and then energy requirements have grown gradually. As of mid 20. century, the increased population owing to enhanced urbanization cause natural environment damage. It is known that the populaton living in rural area has begun to diminish and half of the population live in cities. We expcect this ratio would increase. With cultural changing pressure especially on population developments of metropolitan area; economical, social and cultural progress have undergone radical evolutions. When we look the evolution of the cities in global perspective, it was proved that we must consider not only dinamic enlargement and cultural changements but also ecologic structure of the cities. Begining of environment and nature to degenerate and quickly ceasing of resources cause global climate changing that dangers human health. So care about ecological environment and taking precautions as much as possible has become a neccesisty. Climate changings have become a reality as especialists accept, especialy in consequence of actual scientific studies, observations, experiment. Natural resorce decrement, population increment, urbanization rate, climate change, social and economical crisis on global case cause hardly reverting alterations on cities and citizens. Urban activities appear as most important factor that triger climate changings. Climate changes turn into a scientific reality in consequence of that processes. Human activities enhances the negative effects of climate change and cause irreversible outcomes. Climate changes cause disasters like droughts, extreme air conditions, floods, famine in tandem with negative effects on public health. Especially urban areas are coming face to face with these disasters directly. It is known that there isn't any place in the world where the negative effect of climate change isn't seen. So urban and metropolitan areas are seriously on the line because of population size. Several projects are being developed to decrease the effects of climate change, to manifest a sustainable planning intelligence, to generalize utilization of sustainable energy resources, to diminish Greenhouse gas that interfere natural equilibrium. Challenge with global warming is in place gradually as a very important subject. Hence many symposiums, conferences, agreements have been made. As internationally recognized agreements and projects include climate change mitigation commitments of cities, they also require the assurance of climate change adaptation. In the recent 16 years, Turkey has started to become a party to many agreements and conventions in order to fight against climate change. The Covenant of Mayors is one of these agreements which intends to reduce the effects of climate change regarding the aimed greenhouse gas reduction rate of European Commission. The agreement ensures the commitment of projects supporting the climate change resistant cities as well. As part of agreement, course of actions planned by local authorities aim climate change mitigation and adaptation by targeting 2020 and 2030 years. Antalya city has started an attempt to international action against climate change by becoming a party to the covenant of mayors. Considering the population density, urban structure, urbanization rate of Antalya, it seems that the potential of getting affected by impacts of climate change is high for the city. Conducting the energy inventory and building the mitigation strategies in 2013 is a base to climate adaptation plan targeting 2030 as a next step. This study aims to develop climate change adaptation strategies regarding the current status of Antalya and Sustainable Energy Action Plan of 2013, so that the city can become resistant to climate change. As the climate adaptation strategies were being developed for Antalya, the frame was formed with five theme title by making deductions from climate adaptation studies and climate change adaptation action plans performed on national or international scale. These topics were specified as; urban streams and water, urban heat island, public health, green spaces and biodiversity, administrative organization and planning approach. According to these topics, a 40-participant survey study was conducted in Antalya on March, 2018 to reveal the present state of city in climate change challenge. The results of the meetings arranged and survey conducted with related departments in Antalya Metropolitan Municipality provide the determination of strategies created. In addition to this, action plans of three European cities that approach urban planning by recognizing natural environment, have better application examples and projects, are more viable, are more environmentally-conscious and are parties of the CoM were examined as case studies. According to the results of survey conducted during study, actions which should be introduced urgently against climate change challenge for Antalya has been brought into focus by discussing risky situations requiring an interference within specified topics. It is observed that Antalya remains at beginner level among all five topics and the city is under the risk of climate change with respect to the acquired outcome. At the end of the study, adaptation strategies of city have been developed by delivering internationally accepted, academical and natural based solutions. Furthermore, the significance of responsibilities on local authorities, organization and coordination between institutions, public and private sector corporation and participatory planning approach has been indicated with no doubt. The fact that reduction of greenhouse gas emissions arising from energy usage in different sectors can be achieved in a considerable extent with; the spatial planning practices, the behavioral changes in energy efficiency on institutional, individual and communal basis and technological factors has been stated via studied European cities. Antalya Sustainable Energy Action Plan has firstly identified the energy inventory and greenhouse gas emission rates. Following that, climate change adaptation strategies has been developed with the purpose of creating a generative, viable and a climate change resistant city during the study. As part of these strategies, an affectability analysis which consists of existing historical data and climate change scenarios has been completed. Finally, the high importance of the characterization and protection of natural structure components as inputs defining the identity of city and this situation's centralized position in urban strategies to be built for climate change adaptation has been emphasized.