Expanded field of the monument: Tracing the monument in modern Turkish architecture through arkitekt and mimarlik magazines

This study aims to explore the expansion of the concept of monument, which is as old as the history of mankind, through the change and transformation of the concept of monument as a result of the events that have happened to mankind over time, and to draw the vague boundaries of this field through the monument designs in Arkitekt and Architecture magazines, where the monument designs of Modern Turkish Mimarlık of Turkey can be read. In his article "The Nature and Origin of the Cult of the Modern Monument", Alois Riegl states that the concept of monument has undergone change or expansion by adding new values. As one of the authors who recognized this expansion in history, it can be said that in this article, Alois Riegl shows the first explosion in the expansion of the concept along with the effect of modernism on art and architecture, the perspective of modern man on monuments. Temporally, long after Alois Riegl, as a result of catastrophic events such as the destruction, traumas, mass killings caused by wars in the aftermath of World War II, the concept of Counter-Monument, which was introduced to the literature by James E. Young, who took a stance against the Traditional Monument, which we can call the intended monument with Riegl's discourse, and enabled this expansion to expand from a different place - inward explosion - has realized an explosion in a different direction (inward). With the determination of these expansions, the expanded area of the monument can be drawn in line with this logic by using the logic of the diagram describing the expanded area of the sculpture published by Rosalind Krauss in her article "Sculpture in The Expanded Field". By focusing on the concepts of Memory and History in the origin and theoretical basis of the concept of monument, the concepts of traditional monument and counter monument are considered together on the same substrate. R. Krauss's expanded field diagram was studied within the framework of these concepts and the Expanded field of the Monument was tried to be discovered. This expanded field includes monument designs filtered and classified from Arkitekt and Mimarlık magazines. All the monuments that Arkitekt and Mimarlık magazines produced in Turkey have conveyed to their readers and the architectural community throughout their publication life have been compiled and re-presented to the readers within the scope of this study by taking into account the morphologies and constructions of the designs with a systematic classification method created by the author. This classification systematic created by the author can form the basis for monument designs in other publications or the monument designs added in newly published issues can be added to the monument diagram in the expanded area. The monuments of Arkitek and Mimarlık magazines, which constitute the data pool and mine of the study, also reveal the profile of monument designs in Turkey from the Republican period to the present. Although the expanded area of the monument has been tried to be drawn within the scope of this compilation, it is thought that the data collected will open the door to many issues about monuments and shed light on many studies. Keywords: Monument, Counter-Monument, Arkitekt, Mimarlik, Memory, History