The process to the Independence Tribunal of the Republic Period and The İstanbul İndependence Tribunal

The Independence Tribunals, one of the most contraversial issues of the Republican History, were launched during the Independence War by National Struggle movement that is trying to establish a new authority in Anatolia. The new authority based in Ankara which was tried to be prevented by Occupant States and Istanbul Government, was admitted to the Independence Tribunals in order to supress the uprisings, prevent the problem of desertion and provide trust and public order. The Independence Tribunals were an important source of authority for Ankara Government during the Independence War. After Independence War, in the process of abolition of Sultanate and the proclamation of the Republic there had been a conflict between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and some of his friends who were in the leading staff. The proclamation of the Republic had gotton reaction of some groups, mainly Mr. Hüseyin Rauf and then this reaction had turned a huge opposition movement with the aid of Sultanate supporters and Istanbul press. Caliphate's being a big trouble with the proclamation of Republic and being involved some of outer powers like Ağa Han and Emir Ali to this problem had brought on the agenda of Independence Court had been founded. This cour that judging Istanbul press who supports oppositors and Calipha is very important in terms of being the first Independence Court of Republic period. Whit this court oppositors were made squelch and greased the skids for abolition of the Caliphate. Keywords: Independence Courts, Press, Caliphate, Ağa Han, Emir Ali, Hüseyin Cahit, Velid Ebuzziya, Ahmet Cevdet