In vivo study in care of diabetic foot: The effect of geraniol dressing obtained from rose oil on diabetic wound healing

Diabetic foot problems in DM are accepted as a complication with special characteristics related to the mental, physical, social and economic aspects that restrict life and lead to organ loss. For effective wound care, developments in medicine, science and technology have allowed alternative wound care products to be developed and marketed. Investigations about wound care products have been directed to plants because of their antioxidant properties. Antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypnotic, anti-spasmodic, antitumor, chemopreventive, antitussive and antidiabetic effects of rose oil have been determined in the previous researches. However, there is no specific research for diabetic individuals. In this study, to accelerate the wound healing, prevent the progression and worsening of the wound by providing cost effectiveness and to investigate the healing effect of dressing with geraniol material obtained from rose oil was aimed. The experimental period of the study was carried out between 2 and 27 June 2016 in Experimental Animal Production and Experimental Research Laboratory of University of Süleyman Demirel. 40 (male and female) adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-350 g were used Three experimental, two control group were formed. Except one of control group diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin. Group five was defined as nondiabetic group. For each animal three excisional ischemic wounds were created. Rose oil extract (geraniol) dressing, isotonic wet dressing and hydrocolloid wound dressing were applied topically once a day to first, second and third groups, respectively. No dressing was applied to the positive and negative control groups. Macro-level of follow-up of wound healing was assessed by wound scoring on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15. Micro-level of follow-up of wound healing was assessed by Immunohistochemical and histopathologic examinations. For this aim tissue samples were taken at 5th, 10th and 15th days. CD34, SMA and Vimentin were used, angiogenesis and tissues were investigated. Index of oxidative stress of wound healing was assessed by TAS / TOS measurements. Due to the macroscopic results of the study, it was determined that wound score was significantly decreased on day 3 in the first group (dressed with geraniol) and non diabetic groups compared with other groups. Significant decrease was observed in each macroscopic control. When the microscopic findings compared with day 0, in the first group, significant decrease of level of collagen density and epithelization were observed on day 10. Exept the positive control group, in all groups number of fibroblasts and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased on day 10. In the positive control group significant decrease was observed on day 15. In the first group, increase in fat cells has become significant later than other groups. In all experimental groups, angiogenesis was started to increase from day 5 and get significance on day 15 compared to day 5 and 10. In the CD34, SMA and Vimentin staining, the first group showed superiority to other dressings. In biochemical measurements, initial measurements of OSI were similar in all groups. In the last measurements the highest drop was seen in geraniol dressed and negative control groups. According to the macroscopic and microscopic follow-up, geraniol dressed group provided similar wound healing with negative control group and showed superiority to the other products used as a standard in wound care. Our results suggest that clinical phase studies of geraniol dressing material should be studied and results should be present to clinic use. Key words: Diabetic Foot, Rat, Geraniol, Rose Oil, Hydrocolloid Cover