The potential effects of petrol production areas of Diyarbakır province on water resources and investigation of treatability by using electrocoagulation process

The most of the petroleum production in Turkey (99.5 %) is obtained from South East Anatolia Region. Diyarbakır is the second province in the production of petroleum in Turkey after Batman. Studies regarding the petroleum production intensively continues in Diyarbakır. In this study, the effects of the petroleum production studies on drinking water, irrigation water, usage water, lake, dam etc. and whether there is any effects on the confounding factor on water resources and if there is a potential pollution, how it can be done with electrocoagulation process has been examined. This thesis statement consists of two steps; the determination of the quality of water samples from the research field and the treatability of the detected pollution in waters by using electrocoagulation process. In first phase, the analyses of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ba, Li, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ar, Se, Hg, Ni, Cd, Pb, Al, Co, Cr), anions (HCO3-, CO32-, Cl-, SO42-, B, P), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Fluoranthene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo [b] fluoranthene, Benzo [k] fluoranthene, Benzo [a] pyrene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo [e] pyrene, Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene, Benzo [g,h,i] perylene) has been done, and water hardness, remainder sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium absorbance ratio (SAR) were determined with calculations on the samples taken from of the potable water, drinking water, lake, dam etc. near Diyarbakır petroluem production fields seasonally. Results of the analyses were evaluated based on the quality criteria of regulations which were Regulation of water that are used by human (ITASHY), Ministry of Health, Regulation of Water Pollution (SKKY), World Health Organization (WHO), Environment Protection Agency of the United States of America (USEPA). According to the regulations iron, aluminum, manganese, lead and cadmium concentrations of research waters were higher than regulation's standards. In second phase, cadmium and lead which were determined over of standard toxic level were cleaned up in waters with iron and aluminum electrodes. Usage with iron electrodes, solution which were contaminated with 500 µg/L lead, 500 µg/L cadmium and mixture of 500 µg/L cadmium and 500 µg/L lead were cleaned up with electrocoagulation ratio of % 98, % 95.94, % 98.33; % 99.17, respectively. Potable water which were contaminated with 10 µg/L lead, 5 µg/L cadmium and mixture of 10 µg/L lead and 5 µg/L cadmium were cleaned up with ratio of % 100 for all of them. Waters which were taken up research area were cleaned up from lead and cadmium with electrocoagulation process by iron electrode as % 100. Usage with aluminum electrodes, solution which were contaminated with 500 µg/L lead, 500 µg/L cadmium and mixture of 500 µg/L cadmium and 500 µg/L lead were cleaned up with electro coagulation ratio of % 91.59, % 78, % 100; % 80, respectively. Potable water which were contaminated with 10 µg/L lead, 5 µg/L cadmium and mixture of 10 µg/L lead and 5 µg/L cadmium were cleaned up with ratio of % 100, % 35, % 100; % 30, respectively. Waters which were taken up research area were cleaned up from lead and cadmium with electrocoagulation process by aluminum electrode as % 100 and % 40, respectively. In conclusion, in the analyses of the samples of potable water, irrigation water, domestic water etc., Fe, Al, Mn, Pb, Cd has been determined over the toxic limit values. The parameters Pb and Cd which are determined over the toxic limit values, eliminated from potable and domestic water by using iron and aluminum electrodes with the electrocoagulation process, and in the treatability process, iron electrodes have provided higher performance than aluminum electrode. Key words: Petroleum production fields, Electrocoagulation, PAH, Water pollution, Drinking water