Fungal pathogens of maize in Diyarbair center Kayapinar, Yenişehir and Sur provinces

In 2019 and 2020, significant fungal factors were detected in land observation studies conducted in corn fields grown in the Sur, Yenişehir and Kayapınar districts of Diyarbakır. For this purpose, a sampling study was carried out in Kayapınar, Yenişehir and Sur districts. During the sampling, 36 plant samples showing signs of disease were obtained from 12 lands. Morphological and microscopic observations of these plant samples have been diagnosed. Corn smut from Ustilago maydis, northern leaf blight from Exserohilum turcicum, black eye from Aureobasidium zeae and head blight from Fusarium sp have been identified as diseases detected in the corn plant. Of these, it was concluded that the black eye disease caused by Aureobasidium zeae was the first to be recorded for our country and the region, and differences in the distribution of diseases according to the districts were observed. While all three disease factors were present at different rates in Kayapınar district, only Ustilago maydis was prevalent in Sur district and Exserohilum turcicum and Aureobasidium zeae were prevalent in Yenişehir district in the sampled lands. On the other hand, in some weeds found in the same production areas of corn, powdery mildew species have been identified, almost all of which are related to the genus Erysiphe. Weeds showing signs of powdery mildew were collected. It was diagnosed morphologically by making a preparation directly from powdery mildew and rust-type factors, and its herbariums were made between drying papers to reuse them later. They were diagnosed as Xanthium strumarium, Chondrilla juncea, Polygonum aviculare. Ustilago maydis and head blight are known to Fusarium spp. that already exist, however, Aureobasidium zeae disease causing northern leaf blight Exserohilum turcicum and black eye has been convinced that it is a new disease in the region. Although the disease factors are not very common in the current situation, it seems inevitable that they will increase every year.