Investigation of candida spp. adhesion on resin material produced at different build angles by additive manufacturing

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis yeasts to disk-shaped resin materials produced from resin which used in the production of surgical guide with 0°, 45° and 90° build angles by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) additive manufacturing technology. Materials and Methods: Disk-shaped materials were produced using the LCD production technique at 0°, 45° and 90° build angles with resin used in the production of surgical guide plates. Surface roughness measurements of the produced materials were performed. Plate count and real-time PCR analysis were performed to evaluate C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis attachment to the materials produced at different angles. Scanning electron microscope images of the materials were then obtained. Contact angle measurement values of the materials were measured. The data obtained from the study were statistically evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene test, Analysis of Variance, Tamhane and Bonferroni test. Results: After real-time PCR analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of adhesion for C. glabrata, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis yeast species to the materials produced at 0°, 45° and 90° angles (P>0.05), while the highest adhesion for C. krusei and C. tropicalis yeast species was detected at 0° and there was no statistically significant difference for 45° and 90° (P<0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the total adhesion values obtained by real-time PCR analysis for C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis yeast species to the materials obtained with 0°, 45 and 90° production angles. Conclusions: For surgical guide to be produced by additive manufacturing, 0°, 45° and 90° build angles do not affect yeast adhesion. In this situation, dimensional accuracy between the angled productions determines the preferred build angle.