Investigation of Globozoosperm morphological structure and DNA fragmentation in Oligozoospermia cases that cause male infertility

Aim: Total globozoospermia is diagnosed by the presence of 100% round-headed spermatozoa without acrosomes. It is still unclear whether patients whose ejaculate contains both normal and globozoospermic cells (partial globozoospermia) suffer from a variation of the same syndrome. Affected men may experience decreased fertility and even infertility. In some cases, an increased number of cells with DNA fragmentation has also been observed in patients with globozoospermia. The aim of this study is to determine the semen parameters, globozoospermia and DNA fragmentation rates in normozoospermic and oligozoospermic cases in our research population and to investigate their relationship with male infertility. Material and methods: In this study, standard semen analysis methods in accordance with WHO criteria were applied to infertile male patient groups consisting of 20 normozoospermic and 20 oligozoospermic individuals who applied to Diyarbakır Dicle University Hospital Urology outpatient clinic. Age, sperm parameters (volume, vitality, concentration, total motility and morphology) were determined and statistically analyzed in normozoospermic and oligozoospermic infertile men. Sperm stained with the Eosin-Nigrosin method were visualized under an immersion lens light microscope and evaluated for vitality. The preparations were stained using sperm staining solutions with the Spermac technique and the sperms were evaluated morphologically. Sperm DNA fragmentation damage was evaluated by acridine orange staining method. Results: In accordance with the literature, based on our obtained results we can conclude that sperm morphological features (Kruger test) and sperm DNA fragmentation obtained with various staining techniques should be used together clinically, and are also important in the clinical approach to male infertility and ART methods. Conclusion: According to our results, DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa is beneficial in the selection of DNA sperms that are not suitable for use in ART methods. Our study showed that DNA fragmentation analysis results could be used for diagnostic purposes in determining male infertility.