The determination of effects of different fertilization times and ratios over grain yield and yield item in bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum durum) wheat in bed planting systems

An effective fertilization and irrigation method is an important tool in the soil for a sustainable agriculture and nitrogen fertilization and irrigation is one of the most crucial factors directly affecting plant production. The bed planting systems in wheat facilitates agricultural activities, reduces the inputs and provides seed saving up to 90 % without causing any yield declines.This research was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilization, applied on the different growth stages under irrigated conditions in bed sowing, on grain yield and yield properties in bread and durum wheat for one year duration in Diyarbakir conditions. The nitrogen was applied in total thirteen different ways as 14 kg per dekar on any 1, 2 and 3 stages of five different growth stages (sowing, seedling growth, first tillering, stem elongation, booting) along with controls (i.e. zero nitrogen)According to results, the best fertilization time and ratios for durum wheat genotypes were determined as 50 % sowing + 50 % first tillering and 66 % sowing + 33 % primary tillering respectively. All traits under investigation, except for SPAD measurement readings for the booting stage, plant length, hectoliter weight and jointing, in durum wheat was statistically significant.As for bread wheat, the best fertilization time and ratios were determined similar to the bread wheat as 66 % sowing + 33 % primary tillering and ?all in sowing? application respectively. Moreover, among the traits under investigation, the heading time, anthesis time, the number of plants per square meter, grain filling period, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen yield N use efficiency were statistically significant.Keywords: Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Nitrogen, Fertilization Time, Grain Yield, Quality Properties, Bed Planting System