Analysis of natural ventilation methods in different climate zones on TOKİ type housings

Increasing energy consumption day by day; it leads to a global pollution and a high reduction of energy resources. A large part of the energy consumption in the world takes place in the building production process. When the amount of energy required for air conditioning in buildings is met by mechanical systems, it causes significant energy consumption. In order to reduce energy consumption, environmentally friendly, green certified, energy efficient building designs are gaining momentum as opposed to heating and cooling loads and energy consuming structures. Thus, systems supported by renewable resources are considered as design inputs in the building production process. Within the scope of the thesis; the spatial effect of natural ventilation in different climatic regions is discussed in order to generate data as input to the building design. In this direction; In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of the wind used in natural ventilation on the interior space and its role in energy use, especially in mass housing. For this purpose, the type housing project with a 2+1 plan of TOKİ (Mass Housing Administration), which is the most applied in Turkey, was selected; Wind tests for five different climatic zones were conducted using the Flow Simulation plugin in Solidworks program. During the simulation process, the air flow effect on the surrounding structures was ignored while the wind analyzes were carried out, and the air circulation in the interior spaces was focused on. In the study, first of all, a detailed literature review was made to create the conceptual infrastructure, and the concept of energy efficient design and its criteria were emphasized. The natural ventilation system, which is included in the energy efficiency criteria, is mentioned, the relationship of the wind, which is the basic principle of natural ventilation, with the buildings and the necessary strategies for the formation of air flow are explained. The contribution of passive systems to the designs on the facade and roof within the scope of natural ventilation in buildings is included. In the continuation of the study; Information is given about CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation programs that allow the comparative evaluation of the wind effect on structures. In the light of the analyzes made for five different climate zones using the Flow Simulation plugin, the effect of the wind on the interior was compared and evaluated, and evaluations were made on how natural ventilation can be used effectively in buildings. In line with the data obtained, it has been determined that while adequate ventilation is provided in the living units, especially in the climate zones, the ventilation of the kitchen unit is insufficient. It has been observed that there are solutions that increase the heating load in the cold climate region, where the cooling effect needed in the hot climate region is not taken into the balcony units. In line with the determinations made, it is recommended that the openings should not be opened directly to the prevailing wind, especially in the cold climate region, and the wind should be taken into the space in a controlled manner. In the designs, the building orientation, form, dimensions and locations of the openings should include solutions in such a way that they can benefit from the wind energy sufficiently and be protected from the negative effects of the wind. Keywords: Natural Ventilation, Energy Efficient Building, Airflow, Solidworks, Passive Air Conditioning, Wind