The social-economical and political structure of Hakkari province (1923-1960)

Hakkari situated in crossroads of different cultures not far from the Iraqi and Iranian borders kept its importance in every period of time. Owing to its geographical situation this town couldn't integrate with the other western cities and rested like a closed box. Because of the fact that this town stayed like a closed box it kept its cultural characteristics until now. Hakkari isn't one of the places which had its own administration during the Ottoman Empire. Against a Persian threat, the ottomans rendered Hakkari a very peculiar province. During a course of time, it became a district based upon Van, another nearby town but Hakkari's special geopolitical situation, namely, due to its proximity to the two towns mentioned just before made it a province once again. Hakkari accommodating the divers factors within It's boundaries has always been a target by the imperialist powers. Thus, the peoples who lived I'm perfect harmony with each other for years were set against one another. The reason of this felony thruster by the imperialist powers has always been the oil! With the foundation of the young Turkish Republic the new attempts were made swiftly in order to put Hakkari in a new political state order.. During the early periods of the republic some separatist factors who were against this new upheaval rose up against the government. To squelch these uprisings the governed applied a polyurethane of immigration by sending the inhabitants of this province to the other wester region of the country. The state made a big hustle to hinder other uprisings the more so as it wanted to develop the eastern regions. But the state was unable to perform reformist actions by lack of skilled teams. What's more the geographic situation Transport difficulties and communication shortages affects negatively this province. Its hard geographical situation was a big handicap for housing facilities. That's why Hakkari was unable to develop itself as far as the educational and the healthcare systems are concerned. Its rugged landscape and sharp mountains made it difficult for the inhabitants to make a living. Anyways its high altitude gave a chance to Hakkari for animal raising rather than the agricultural occupation. Its proximity as being near the two countries favored smuggling too to earn easy money. Keywords: Hakkari, Iranian, Iraq, imperialist, patrol, border.