Comparative evaluation of sleep quality, quality of life and depression in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem that progresses over time with loss of kidney function and can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapies such as haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to compare quality of life, sleep quality and depression levels in ESRD patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between February and March 2024. A total of 91 ESRD patients receiving haemodialysis and PD treatment were included in the study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and WHOQOL-BREF were administered to the participants along with sociodemographic data form. In addition, biochemical parameters were obtained from system records. Results: The study included 91 patients, 56% were receiving HD treatment and 44% were receiving PD treatment. The BDI score was significantly lower in the PD group (p=0.038), and although there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of total scores of the quality of life scale (p=0.058), a significant difference was found in favour of PD in the sub-fields of physical health (p=0.020) and psychological health (p=0.036). Although there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of PDQI total scores (p=0.181), PD patients had better scores than HD patients in terms of sleep latency (p=0.004) and sleep duration (p=0.016). Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between BDI and quality of life (p<0.001) and a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and BDI (p=0.003). Conclusion: Patients undergoing PD have lower levels of depression, higher physical and psychological quality of life, and more favourable sleep characteristics; therefore, not only physiological but also psychosocial factors should be considered in the choice of treatment and regular psychological evaluation should be recommended for all dialysis patients.