The effect of hormones to regulation mechanism of cell proliferation in endometrium cells

The endometriyum is a tissue that can develop degeneration, proliferation and differentiation during monthly cycle periods during the entire duration of reproductive life, under control of steroid hormones. Oestrogen and progesterone steroid hormones primarily regulate the biological changes of endometriyum cells. On the other hand, following the completion implantation, the human chorionic gonadotropine hormone (HCG) plays an important role in pregnancy by ensuring the continuation of progesterone. Oestrogen plays a major role in the proliferation of endometriyum epithelium and stromal cells. On the other hand, progesterone regulates the proliferation inhibition and desidualisation processes.The study examined the effect of 17-ß-oestradiole, progesterone and HCG on cell proliferation and the effect of cell cycles regulating p53 and p21 protein on expression levels of Ishikawa endometriyum epithelium cells. Cells in the G1, S, G2 and M phases of cellular cycle were marked with immunohistochemical (ISK) marking of proliferated cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). S phase cell rates were also assessed using 5- bromo 2-deoxi-uridine (BrdU) marking method. No difference was observed between the PCNA marked cells and control group subject to 17-ß-oestradiole however, a significant increase was recorded in the rate of S-phase proliferation. No relation was identified in the comparison of increase in proliferation rate and p53 and p21 protein expression levels. The proliferation rates of cells subject to progesterone and HCG and p53 and p21 protein expression levels were identified to have very close values to control group.In light of the findings, it has been concluded that the 17-ß-oestradiole, progesterone and HCG hormones at concentrations and durations of experiment, do not effect the p53 and p21 protein expression levels during the proliferation regulation of Ishikawa cells.