Assessment of sleep quality, depression, and nutrition habits of adult individuals with insulin resistance

The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality, night eating behaviors, depression status and eating habits of individuals with insulin resistance. The study was camed out between February 2019 and April 2019, 121 patients with insulin resistance, 74 female and 47 male, aged 18-65 years, who were admitted to Baskent University Ankara Hospital Internal Medicine Department-Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Polyclinic. Individuals diagnosed with sleep apnea, diabetes, reflux, gastritis, morbid obesity and major depression were excluded from the study to avoid from bias. The participants were informed by the researcher; The questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, CES Depression Scale, Night Eating Questionnaire and 24-hour food recall registration formwere applied to determine the general characteristics and eating habits. The mean age of patients was 38.6 ± 12.71 years and 65.3% had different chronic diseases except insulin resistance. It was found that individuals had insulin resistance for 2.4 ± 2.82 years. It was determined that 39.7% of the patients used medication regularly for the treatment of insulin resistance and 50.7% of them used low carbohydrate diet. Of the individuals 49.6% were owerweight obese and 23.1% were obese. The average daily energy consumption was 1368.4 ± 335.89 kcal in women and 1675.8 ± 403.55 kcal in men and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The daily fiber consumption of women was found to be 21.3 ± 7.12 g, and the males were 26.1 ± 11.14 g, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the daily diet, all individuals had consumption thiamine, niacin, folate, potassium, calcium and magnesium below the recommended; however, just women received less than recommended iron. Of the participants 54.5% had poor sleep quality and 52.9% had high depression levels; 11.5% had night eating syndrome. The difference between depression and daily diet and folate and zinc intake levels were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between skipping meals and night eating behavior (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between the consumption of late afternoon and night meals and the presence of night eating syndrome (p<0.05). It was found that 69.7% of the participants with poor sleep quality had high levels of depression and there was a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and depression levels (p<0.05). It was determined that 85.7% of the participants with night eating syndrome had poor sleep quality. It was determined that 69.7% of the participants with high levels of depression had poor sleep quality and a statistically significant relationship between depression levels and night eating behavior (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that individuals with insulin resistance should be monitored in terms of sleep quality, depression and night eating behavior. These results should be supported with new studies. Keywords: Insulin resistance, sleep quality, depression, night eating syndrome, nutrition habits