The effects of mycorrhizal fungi applications on fusarium wilt and plant growth in carnation

In this thesis, the effects of Glomus intraradices, mixture mycorrhizal fungi and Glomus iranicum which are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp dianthi on plant development, disease severity and some parameters (total phenolics, total oxidant/antioxidant status, peroxidase (POD), phenilalanine amonia lyase enzyme activity) that play an important role in resistance in sensitive "Picasso" and resistant "Hornett" carnation cultivars in vivo were investigated. According to the results of the study, it was determined that mycorrhizal fungi colonized in the roots of susceptible cultivar at the rate of 39.5%-64.8%, and in the roots of the resistant cultivar by 43.4%-60.6%. In addition, Fod inoculation reduced the colonization percentage of mycorrhizal fungi. For both cultivars, in the case of single AMF or combination with Fod, plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight) increased significantly compared to control. Although the development parameters of AMF+Fod combinations decreased compared to single AMF applications, a significant increase was found compared to the control. Mycorrhizal fungus applications increased the amounts of total phenolic compounds in both cultivars in all applications compared to the control. It was also determined that the amount of total phenolic compounds in the resistant cultivar were higher than the sensitive cultivar. In both carnation cultivars, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid were identified as the most important phenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid were the highest amounts of phenolic compounds in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization significantly increased the total antioxidant level compared to control in all applications, while reducing the total oxidant level caused by Fod. For this reason, it provided the suppression of the pathogen. POD and PAL enzyme activity was found to be significantly increased in all applications compared to control in both cultivars.