Obtaining energy from storage gas in solid waste landfills and factors affecting storage gas formation

With population growth around the world, people's changing consumption habits make waste disposal a major problem for many countries. Thanks to research on this issue and advances in technology, wastes have started to be evaluated not as a problem, but as raw materials for energy production. Various methods are used to convert waste into energy. Landfill, incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion are the main methods. Landfill is the storage of waste underground and above ground according to various engineering calculations, and energy recovery is achieved by generating electricity through engines from storage gas consisting of stored waste. In the incineration method, heat recovery is obtained from incinerated wastes in a controlled manner and electrical energy is produced by means of steam turbines. In the gasification method, the first stage involves pyrolysis, a method of burning waste in a lower temperature and oxygen-free environment. Later, by adding oxygen to the same environment, high-temperature reactions produce gas with a low molecular weight. Energy recovery from gas is achieved by using internal combustion engines or boilers. Although all these methods have positive and negative aspects, the method to be selected should be made depending on the composition, quantity and local conditions of the waste. In this study, issues related to waste management, methods used in solid waste disposal, storage gas formation in solid waste landfills, energy extraction from storage gas, factors affecting storage gas formation were evaluated and solution suggestions were made, The issue of obtaining energy from the landfill gas formed after the domestic solid wastes disposed of by the Trabzon and Rize Provinces Solid Waste Facilities Construction and Operation Association (TRAB-RI KAB) has been examined. Estimated population of TRAB-RI Kab member municipalities by 2047, solid waste amounts, by using Tabasaran– Rettenberger, USEPA landgem models estimated gas formation quantities and electrical energy quantities, gas collection systems and factors affecting gas formation were studied. Increasing the amount of landfill gas in the facility by comparing the existing landfill gas data obtained from the solid waste landfill facility of the Union with the results obtained from the models and what should be done to achieve a higher level of energy from storage gas has been evaluated and some recommendations have been presented.