Nullification of solid waste through thermal methods and case for the cities of Trabzon-Rize

The treatment of solid waste, which people have to produce as a result of their lives has been one of the biggest problems for the fast-growing cities. Until today the technologies aimed to solve this problem raises concern over solid waste treatment in many countries. However, so much research has been carried out about the case in recent years, and technological thermal methods solve the problem. In this study, thermal methods have been analysed for treatment of solid waste by nullification. Many technologies exist in order to nullify solid waste. Basically, these technologies are incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. Heat recovery from incineration of solid waste is done under control, and electricity is produced through using steam turbines. The gasification technology consists pyrolysis in first step, then it is followed by high-temperature reactions, and low molecular weight gases are produced. Such gases are used for energy production by using internal combustion engine or hot waste tanks. All the technologies have advantages and disadvantages. Selection of the technology is based on waste composition, quantity and local conditions. In this study, one of the thermal treatment systems, which is gasification system that is considered to be applicable to be used for domestic solid waste collected by TRB-Rİ KAB (Association for Solid Waste of Municipalities of Trabzon and Rize), is analysed. In addition, literature search has been carried out regarding the systems of incineration, gasification and pyrolysis of urban solid waste and working principles of these systems. By using waste characterization studies related to Trabzon and Rize regions, population calculations and results of calorific values, applicability of gasification system is analysed for these regions. Features of waste in 2016, and anticipated quantity to reached by 2037 and its characterization and population values are calculated and used in this study. As a result of calorific analyses, the possibility of setting up a gasification plant, potential revenue and costs of setting up and administering has been discussed. Possible scenarios are postulated about how to set up such big-budget gasification plants by offering different alternatives in order for municipalities to be able to cover setup costs. After setting up such plants, anticipated revenues as result of calculating the amount of energy and the income if considered within energy incentive are calculated. As a result, under what conditions the gasification system could be applied for Trabzon and Rize, and the advantages of using such a system are evaluated.