Sound-meaning relationship in classical Arabic linguistics and modern approaches

In this study, the situation of the sound-meaning relationship in Arabic in the classical and modern period had discussed. In language studies, the field of phonetics has received less attention than the fields of morphology and syntax. In the history of the Arabic language, the disciplines of nahiv and saraf have been respected as the semantic centers of Arabic in the Islamic literature. However, the most basic building block of language is sound, and phonetics must be understood at an adequate level in order to comprehend semantics in the most healthy way. For this reason, sounds, which are the smallest and basic building blocks of semantics in the Arabic language, have been the subject of research. In this study, which benefited from classical and modern sources, qualitative field research method was applied. Numerical data on phonetics were obtained as a result of the scans made on the related works. As a result of the researches, it has been observed that the linguists of the classical and modern period have a perspective that confirms and complements each other. Likewise, it has been seen that some of the discussions on phonetics in modern linguistics studies were systematically examined in early language studies. It has been understood that there are many works and linguists that are references to the theories put forward especially within the framework of the first-root (origin of root). Important conclusions have also been reached about the existence and nature of the sound-meaning relationship in the Arabic language. Derivation theories about sound-meaning have shown that the words are based on a serious derivational logic. All these existing mechanisms have raised the question of whether there is a coincidental or logical necessity in language. According to the data obtained in this context, it has been seen that the sound-meaning relationship in the Arabic language has developed in a logical design. As a result, the research has clearly revealed that the sound-meaning relationship should be taken into account in disciplines such as rhetoric and hermeneutics, especially morphology, lexicology and lexicography.