Assessment of pollution with biomarkers in fish culture

In this study five different biomarkers were measured in liver and muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to assess exposure level of trout farms to pollutants in Kemer Dam and Fethiye. Samples which produced by fish farming were collected in January and July from cages in Kemer Dam located in Bozdoğan limits and concrete cages in Fethiye, to assess seasonal variations. EROD induction as a Phase-I enzyme, GST activity and reduced GSH as Phase II enzymes, malondialdehyt (MDA) product of lipid peroxidation as an oxidative stress parameter and ACHE inhibition as a neuromuscular parameter were measured as biomarkers. Also physical and chemical properties of water samples collected from trout farms were measured and results assessed within these five biomarkers. Generally phsical and chemical properties of water samples were lower than first class water limit values instead of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen and conductivity. As a result of assessment of all datas, significant increases were detected in EROD induction, GST activity, MDA level and ACHE inhibition in concrete cages in Fethiye when compared with Kemer Dam (p≤0,05). Seasonal alteration assesment of all datas resulted as a significant increase in GSH, MDA level and GST activity. Also when all datas were analyzed according to seasonal alterations of two sites respectively, in case results adduced that Kemer Dam exposed to pollution on july more than January; concrete cages in Fethiye exposed to pollution on January more than July. A significant increase of ACHE inhibition on July according to increase of ammonium nitrogen level were detected in both two sites (p≤0,05). Otherwise according to significant increase of turbidity, a significant increase detected in oxidative stress parameters GSH, MDA level and GST activity in Kemer Dam (p≤0,05).