Journal of Hâşim Bey in light of westernization movements in music

Westernization is a notion generally understood as adoption of economic regime and culture of Europe. At the beginning of 18. century, Ottoman Empire lost its previous power. No longer, it had to learn something from Europe to cope up with it and to be able to take a stand against it, shortly it had to become westernized. In this century, it started to adopt European culture by developing. Life style and conscious developed in 19. century sped up westernization movements and it named its name to this century. Westernization movements that continued rapidly affected all institutions of the empire. After guild of janissaries was removed in 1826, janissary band house was closed and music school called as The Imperial Band was opened instead of janissary band that was closed actually and it started to give western music education for the first time. Hâşim Bey (1815-1868) who lived in the middle of these developments started to music in palace school and then he learnt western music in The Imperial Band. UnDer-The effect of this music culture, he published Mecmûa-yi Kârhâ and Nakşhâ and Şarkiyyat in 1853, in 1864 he made the second edition with the name Journal of Hâşim Bey. It is the second airplay but the first theories book published in Turkey. Total of Journal of Hâşim Bey has five hundred twelve pages and two chapters. First chapter that consists of eighty seven pages is the circles part. Second chapter consists of lyrics. The part whose analysis has been made is the circles part. Journal of Hâşim Bey is important because it is the first theories book published. After author told about modes, he needed to compare them with western tones and he tried to liken each mode to a tone in western music. Author who presented this method for the first time reflected the effect of the period when turkish style- european style discussions started to be lived to his book. Also Hâşim Bey who explained the tones of western music in the end of his book became the first Turkish musician who did this work for the first time. After this edition, Hâşim Bey set light to theories maker and he lighted the fuse of a new understanding with the comparisions and explanations that he did. Keywords: Westernization, Hâşim Bey, Journal of Hâşim Bey, Western Music.