Comparison of the protective effects of amifostine, melatonin and N-acetylcysteine usage on uterus of radiotherapy induced rats

Although it forms the basis of radiotherapy applications on the other hand exposing to radiation accidentally, ionising radiation causes DNA breaks on cells and tissue injuries.Gamma radiation from radiotherapy which used treatment of cancer, generate damages normal tissues out of tumoral region. Some radioprotective agents created for this case that indicating itself with acut and chronic symptomes. Gamma radiation applications in the uterus and pelvic region studies and researches carried out at the microscopic level are limited. 56 adult female Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 8 groups and 7 animals in each groups. Control, amifostine, N-acetylcysteine and melatonin group outside the four subjects (radiotherapy, radiotherapy + Amifostine, Rayoterapi + N-acetylcysteine, Radiotherapy + melatonin) single fraction abdominopelvic region 10 Gray (Gy) radiation, gamma radiation was performed. Single fraction 10 Gray (Gy) gamma radiation induced abdominopelvic region of 4 groups (radiotherapy, radiotherapy + Amifostine, Rayoterapi + N-acetylcysteine, Radiotherapy + melatonin) except control, amifostine, N-acetylcysteine and melatonin. Related agents are injected intra peritoneally to the treatment groups 15 minutes previously radiation application. 48 hours after radiation application, routine paraffin monitoring performed at the end of experiment. H&E, PAS, Masson Trichrome and TUNEL Assay protocols applied to the sections taken from parafin embedded samples.Evaluations and countings are carried on light microscopy. At the end of research, various degenerative changes and increase of apoptotic index is observed in research animals uterus during the acute phase. Various protective effects are detected in groups which amifostine, melatonin and N- acetylcysteine induced 15 minutes previously radiation application. Our research is an experimental animal model for the protection of uterus in women whom undergoing treatment for cancer of the uterus and pelvic region. Although it is observed amifostine and N- acetylcysteine agents reduces degenerative effects of pelvic radiation applications which can be classified as morphologically damage and dense DNA fragmantation, optimum protective profile is obtained with melatonin.