Effect of some plant growth regulators on ın vitro propagation of salep orchids

Objective: Although salep orchids belong to the Orchidaceae family are tuberous plants, they naturally grow in almost every region of Turkey and salep is obtained from their tubers. For this reason, millions of salep tubers are removed and destroyed every year. It is very important to grow salep orchids in order to obtain salep and to use it as an ornamental plant in the domestic market of our country. In this context, we used Orchis sp. and Ophrys sp. In this study, it was aimed to reproduce the species belonging to the genus of different plant growth regulators and Nano TiO2 in MS medium with In vitro culture and to determine the effect of these added plant growth regulators and nanocompounds. Materials and Methods: In the study, subsoil (tubers) and aboveground (flower) organs of the plant were used as explants. Due to recurrent contamination problems, modified new sterilization protocols have been tried in addition to the surface sterilization method. In the study, nutrient media were prepared by adding BAP (2 mg/l and 4 mg/l), NAA (1 mg/l and 2 mg/l), EpiBL (5 μM), SA (1 mM), Nano TiO2 (30 mg/l) to the MS medium and explants were cultured in these media. Results: The best results in sterilization methods were obtained in trials where fungicide was applied in modified protocols. In the study, callus development occurred in various periods in the application of 4 mg/l BAP + 2 mg/l NAA, but with the effect of phenolic compounds, it was found in the explants and darkening occurred in the MS medium and after a while, vitality losses occurred. Conclusion: Surface sterilization methods which is a serious problem in tissue culture, have been determined in salep orchids by trying different sterilization methods for contamination. Success has been achieved in MS medium containing BAP and NAA as the effect of plant growth and regulators. It may be useful to plan studies at different doses in order to determine the effects of plant growth regulators such as EpiBL, Nano TiO2, SA, which are used in other applications in the study. Key Words: Orchis sp., Ophrys sp., Terrestrial Orchid, Tissue Culture, EpiBL, SA, BAP