The effect of adiponectin on the protection of chronic renal failure in rats and the effect of placental mesenchymal stem cells on this mechanism

Objective: Chronic glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure. The kidney has an intrinsic regenerative capacity that allows the organ to regenerate itself under limited conditions. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy offers promising results for regeneration of kidney damage. measurable biomarkers are of great importance for demonstrating the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells. Adiponectin is one of the recommended biomarkers for the development of chronic renal failure. In our study, we performed subtotal nephrectomy in rats to establish chronic renal failure and injected mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta to investigate the role of proposed adiponectin and the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on this role as an important biomarker in renal disease. Methods: In our study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the amnion membrane of term placentas. The obtained cells were characterized by flow cytometry and then mesenchymal cells were directed to adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. In order to construct the experimental groups, 5/6 nephrectomy was performed after two weeks after the ligation of the left kidneys of male Wistar rats. Some groups were then injected with stem cells. Protein levels of Adiponectin, Adiponectin Receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and Fibronectin were determined by western blot method and mRNA expressions by Real-Time PCR method in all groups. In addition, adiponectin was evaluated for signaling by AMPK phosphorylation by Western Blot method. Finally, urine and serum levels of adiponectin were measured using a rat specific ELISA kit. Findings: Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and Fibronectin protein and mRNA expressions and AMPK phosphorylation were increased in the nephrectomy groups compared to the control groups. After 5/6 nephrectomy, there was a statistically significant decrease in stem cell-injected rats compared with groups with untreated stem cells. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase in serum adiponectin levels and a significant decrease in urinary adiponectin levels in the stem cell group. Conclusion: As a result, adiponectin, a measurable biomarker in blood and urine, plays an important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease. mesenchymal stem cells may play a therapeutic role in terms of clinical trials and design of experimental systems in chronic renal failure. Key words: Mesenchymal stem cell, chronic renal failure, adiponectin, fibrosis.