Effectiveness of local governance in the citizenship and urban transformation applications

Although the concept of city has been interpreted in different forms throughout history, It is generally anticipated as the general name of urban settlements. After the industrial revolution, we find that the cities that develop rapidly in the definition of the concept of the city are changing depending on their structures. City; It is also possible to define people living in their own borders as places where livelihoods are created by and non-livelihoods, and that are different from rural areas, such as management structure, social relations, cultural areas, population density. Urbanization is a process of change. Developing countries are using urbanization as a means of accelerating and directing their progress towards achieving their goals for future development, and besides, urbanization is making great efforts to remove the negative effects from the urbanization problems. As it is known, the noble development of the cities came after the industrial revolution. With the industrial revolution, the development of the cities, the growth and becoming the centers of the big industrial centers led to the increase of the migrations towards the cities from the villages and the emergence of rapid urbanization and this rapid urbanization process which constitutes one of the most important features of the 21st century, Unemployment, loneliness, alienation, unhealthy housing and unplanned cities, with the influence of the immigration factor, which is one of the causes of rapid and unhealthy urbanization, As a concept, local governments can be defined as a model of public organization, a democratic and autonomous administration unit, formed by decision-making bodies directly elected by the public, to meet the common need of a local community other than central government. According to another definition; Local Authorities are public entities with autonomy, whose duties and authorities established by law are established to meet the common and local needs of human communities settled in a certain region within the borders of the country. A similar definition was made in Article 3 of the new Municipal Law. In this study, the effects of Local Authorities on Urbanization were investigated. There are many positive and negative effects of local administrations on urbanization. In this study, we tried to focus on City Planning and Construction Plans. We see that city plans and zoning area plans are very important for a zone to be viable and accessible to all. This study consists of five parts. In the first chapter, the definitions and history of urban and urbanization concepts are mentioned. The second chapter focuses on provincial and municipal municipalities which feature local administrations. After mentioning the definition of the Local Government concept, the municipality's duties, responsibilities, and related laws and regulations have been mentioned. We have included the City Planning and Development Plans, which is one of the most important of these tasks and responsibilities, in Chapter 4. In this section, general definitions of planning, laws and regulations to be considered when making development plans, as well as issues such as urbanism principles are mentioned. In the fifth and last chapter, the concept and examples of urban transformation have been discussed. The definition, methodology, types of urban transformation concept, application types in Turkey and in the world are mentioned. That is to say, we have examined the legislative and implementing regulations related to the transformation of areas under disaster risk 6306, which is one of the important laws in the context of Urban Transformational acceleration, and we see that this is actually a human and property factor which is not as easy as on paper. In the town of Üsküdar, new reconstruction plans of 1/1000 and 1/5000 have been made in the Bosphorus view and Influence areas. In the light of this newly constructed plan, the data such as the number of buildings, number of apartments, ownership status and population, which is the inventory of the current situation, were analyzed and analyzed. As a result of this analysis, the urban transformation projects that can be done according to the new plan have been prepared. As seen in the projects, by making a good development plan for a hard-to-live region, we are strengthening both the building site and the earthquake risk, as well as social facilities, green space, school, Etc. are placed according to the physical condition of the district and the principles of urbanism. We see that in this study we have done; Even if there were regional development plans of a proper city built before that, urbanization would proceed smoothly and in a controlled manner, and nowadays it will not have to plan again and transform these places. For this reason, if a district is to be used as a settlement area, it is first necessary to make a city district plan of at least 100 years. This is the main task of local governments. Due to the reasons I have outlined above, the ethics of Local Authorities in urbanization is enormous and the greatest impact is the construction of the city and the correct reconstruction. Keywords: City , Urbanization , Local governments, development plan, urban transformation.