Thesis discretions of companions (Sahaba) in emerging issues of internal fighting

Discretions of Companions (Sahaba) in Emerging Issues of Internal Fighting. To explore Companions' Fiqh in emerging issues of internal fighting so this Fiqh can be a reference to rectify many contemporary problems among Muslim parties. Can we extract an integrated doctrinal theory from Companions' Fiqh and discretions regarding emerging issues of internal fighting? Did the events that befall them include all situations? Were their discretions in different incidents inclusive? Are these discretions suitable for dealing with contemporary incidents? The importance of the research is represented in the need of Islamic nation for original Fiqh, related to the first generation, which can address the most serious current problem. That is internal fighting among Muslim communities. 1- Showing incidents of internal fighting in the era of Companions, adapting them and distinguishing between each other. 2- Indicating Companions' discretions in these incidents, relating them to the origins and revealing doctrines of scholars regarding this issue. 3- Preponderance of evidences regarding disagreements among Companions in the light of scholars' views and Islamic schools. In this research, the researcher will follow more than one method such as inductive method which aims at investigating incidents, fatwas and discretions. Besides, the researcher will also follow analysis, deduction and various measuring approaches to reach logical cohesive results. This research is divided into three chapters other than the introduction, preface and conclusion. The first chapter discusses the issue of fighting those who refused to pay Zakat. The second discusses the issue of tribulation (fitnah) fight and fighting party of transgression. The third discusses the issue of fighting Kharijites (Khawarij) 1- Internal fighting among Muslims has provisions which much differs from those of fighting unbelievers. These provisions should be known and taken into consideration if Muslims are tried by such thing. 2- Fitnah fight differs from fighting party of transgression and both differ from fighting Khawarij regarding the origin of provision and detailed secondary provisions. Mixing of these issues is the cause of sever confusion towards contemporary cases. 3- Companions' fatwas and discretions regarding what they experienced are considered as a rich reference which benefits in judging similar incidents.