Causes and multidimensional effects of September 11 in the context of the globalization of terrorism

Globalization has become more visible after the Cold War period and led to a significant change in world politics. Globalization occurs by increasing interaction and interdependence between countries in economic, political, cultural, social, environmental and technological fields. Globalization, which affects nation-states politically, economically, environmentally and culturally, causes significant changes in the international system. With the influence of neoliberal development policies came into effect in the early 1980s, globalization began to affect states, societies and individuals, which led to the emergence of cross-border international security problems such as organized crime and terrorism. The imbalance in income distribution, the uneven development of globalization and the globalization of terrorism paved the way for the September 11 terrorist attacks. This thesis aims to analyze why the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred and the impacts of these attacks on globalization by dealing with the interaction between globalization and the September 11 terrorist attacks in various dimensions. The study argues that the September 11 attacks, which stood out with their military and security dimensions, constituted the beginning of a process that has been shaped by important developments such as the 2008 Financial Crisis, the Arab Spring and the Covid-19 pandemic. This process has slowed down the globalization process since 2001, questioned it, and brought the realist paradigm and security policies back to the field. The September 11 attacks revealed a fact that the world can no longer be the same, and the developments in different areas following the attacks have created the need to update the global order with a more robust structure.