Turkey's democratization process and transition to parliamentary system

The Democratization process of Turkey has begun between 1718 and 1808 (Tulip Era) in the Ottoman Empire with modernization of mentality. The period of change continued with "The New Order" (Nizâm-ı Cedid) movement" between 1789 and 1807 and radical decisions have been made in this period. First serious attempt for democratization came true by signing of "Charter of Alliance" (Sened-i İttifak) in the year of 1808. This charter which signed between the state and landed proprietor in Ottoman Empire is the first document which restricts the authority of the Sultan of Ottoman Empire. Following the Imperial Edict of Gülhane (Tanzimat Fermanı) has signed in 1839. Supremacy of law has been agreed first time with The Imperial Edict of Gülhane. In the year of 1856, "Royal Edict of Reform" (Islahat Fermanı) has signed and major privileges recognized for minorities. With the announcement of "First Constitutionalist period in 1876 and "Second Constitutionalist period in 1908, transition to constitutional administration has begun. During the constitutionalist period, The Ottoman Basic Law (Kanun-i Esasi) has become valid providing official transition to constitutional order. People voted first time in this period, and had the rights to be chosen and chose also with the possibility of taking part of the administration of the government. The Republic has been announced in the country in the year of 1923 and the evolution of democracy to modern standards has been completed with the democratic reform movements accompanied by republic regime.