Phytochemical and bioactivity studies on some Teucrium L. species growing in Turkey

Teucrium L. genus (Lamiaceae) is represented by 15 endemic of 47 taxa in Flora of Turkey. In addition to the tonic, aromatic, diuretic, expectorant, spasmolitic effect of different Teucrium taxa are used in the treatment of diabetes, hemorrhoid and nervous system diseases. In phytochemical studies showed that flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, iridoids, mono-di-tri and sesquiterpenes, as well as their glycosides were isolated from Teucrium taxa. As a result of bioactivity studies, some of them was showed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antifeedant effects. In this study, T. sandrasicum O. Schwarz, T. creticum L., T. brevifolium Schreb., T. pruinosum Boiss., T. ekimii H. Duman , T. divaricatum subsp. divaricatum Exsicc., T. divaricatum subsp. villosum ve T. montbretii subsp. montbretii Benth. species that are belonging to Teucrium, Chamaedrys, Isotriodon sections were collected by natural grown at different locations in Turkey. The diterpene profiles of chloroform extracts obtained from pre-extraction processes from roots and herbs of collected plants were compared with high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently the metabolites of methanol, acetone and water extracts prepared from T. sandrasicum and T. divaricatum subsp. divaricatum was investigated in secondary metabolite profile and diversity. The structures of the molecules isolated by various chromatographic methods (column chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography,medium pressure liquid chromatograph , TLC etc.) were determined using spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, Mass and IR). As a result of isolation studies, 3 iridoids, 1 flavanone, 1 acetophenone, 6 phenylethanoid glycosides and 4 new neo-clerodane diterpenes were isolated from T. sandrasicum and 6 clerodane type diterpenes, 1 phenylethanoid glycoside, 1 iridoid were obtained from T. divaricatum subsp. divaricatum. 4 of neo-clerodane diterpenes are new compounds for the science world and firstly isolated from plants. In addition, known phenylethanoid glycosides were first reported by this Teucrium species. In bioactivity studies, diterpenes isolated in our study were examined for cytotoxic effects in different cell lines. In cytotoxic activity studies performed by the MTT method, it was determined that all of diterpene molecules do not show a significant cytotoxic effect at 50 μM and lower doses.