Presents and giving gifts in the 17th century in Ottoman Empire (A research on the gifts presented to the sultans and presented by sultans

The aim of this study is investigating the type of gifts presented to the sultans and who presented them, in the same way what kind of gifts were presented by the sultans and to whom those were presented, and determining the aim and functions of the gift interventions and what gifts meant in the Ottoman Empire. The study covers the 17th century in terms of time (1600-1699). The gifts presented among the Ottoman bureaucrats and manor and duty preferences have been excluded from this study. In the research, the Ottoman archive documents have been detected after a literature scan, and other resources and data obtained from the other researches have been made use of through supplying, sorting and recording them. As a result of the research, it has been found that during the Ottoman Empire times, presenting gifts was initially the appearance of the traditional applications before the Ottoman times while in the 17th century it got varied and became an important part of the ceremonies with the developed social and economic conditions. During this period, presenting gifts was not only continued as a tradition but also became a prominence as a tool applied by the sultans due to its political, social, cultural, psychological and economic functions as it meant loyalty, compliance, friendship, peace and solidarity and considered as a power factor by the central authority.