Structural and immunohistochemical differences of their placentas in women WHO became pregnant with assisted reproductive technology and WHO became pregnant naturally

Objective: The placenta is a temporary organ consisting of the fetal component and the mother's component, and it is a pregnancy-specific structure to protect the fetus and ensure its viability until birth. The placenta also serves as an endocrine organ that produces important signals that ensure the maintenance of pregnancy and fetal health. The study of the placenta includes clinical, sonographical, laboratory and anatomical data. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is defined as a series of treatments used to achieve pregnancy, such as traditional IVF (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in which both oocytes and sperm are processed in vitro. We aimed to evaluate the placentas of pregnant women with assisted reproductive techniques structurally and immunohistochemically with the placentas of women who conceived in normal ways and to show the differences by immunohistochemical method by analyzing them. Material and Methods: In our study, samples were taken from placenta and umbilical cord from 20 women who became pregnant with assisted reproductive techniques and 20 women who became pregnant by normal routes. It was followed by routine histological methods. After 3 μm thick sections were taken from these tissues, they were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, PAS, Masson-Trichrome. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibody CD68+ and antibody CD31. Results: As a result of histopathological examination, the presence of syncytial nodes and fibrinoid layer in the placenta of women who became pregnant with assisted reproductive technology was observed more intensively, while vascularization was observed more intensely in the placentas of women who became pregnant in normal ways. In addition, women who became pregnant with assisted reproductive technology had a high severity of CD68+ staining, which is a Hofbauer cell marker, in their placenta. Conclusion: The data obtained show that the assisted reproductive technique affects the placenta, which is involved in the development of the fetus and the continuation of pregnancy. These effects need to be investigated more widely and under appropriate conditions.