The new ilm al-kalam period nubuwwah defense

Nubuwwah is the messengership mission that Allah gives to the chosen person in order to explain secular and religious matters. The task happens by delivering orders received by means of a loyal dream or inspiration from the heart through an angel. The prophet Muhammad was honoured by giving him the nubuwwah task by Allah. However; he was subjected to unfair attacks although he received revelations in various ways, conveyed the revelations to people and showed many miracles of being prophet. Since II. Hijri century, There have been denial-level ideas about the prophethood of Muhammad and it has been defended that the mind is the only authority sufficient to solve everything so there is no teacher or leader Probhecy has been considered unnecessary. Many Muslim scholarly people has objected to these ideas described as ilhad that are contrary to religious belief and damage faith. Described as îlhad. Ebû Mansûr el-Mâtürîdî, Fahreddin er-Râzi, Kâdî Abdülcebbâr, el-Câhiz are the main scholars in question. These scholars gave answers on the miracles and the opportunity and necessity of nubuwwah to these deniars by presenting their ideas about nubuwwah. The subject of Nubuwwah has been dealt with in many respects in many periods until today and it has been one of the important issues about kalam(kelami) discussed and defended in the New Ilm al-Kalam period. In that era, the irrational arguments about the Prophet Muhammad by Western philosophers such as Sir William Muır, Reinhart Pieter Anne Dozy, Clair Tisdall who have a missionary identity or orientalist, were emerged. One of the prominent names of the New Ilm al-Kalam period; In response to such false arguments by Muslim scholars such as Hüseyin el-Cisr, Izmirli Ismâil Hakkı, Ismâil Fenni Ertuğrul, Ahmet Mithat, Seyyid Emîr Ali, Rahmetullah el-Hindî; they were not satisfied with bringing evidence from the Quran and Hadiths, but also made the defense of nubuwwah in a way to be scientific by making use of the Bible and the Torah. With this defence style, it has been tried not to give an appeal clause to the people who deny the nubuwwah of prophet Muhammad by presenting the evidence especially from the Christian and Jewish religious sources and practices and by showing some sources from their religios tradition. During the New Ilm al-Kalam period, in this way, the deniars have been left incapable by using the texts that other religions accepted as sacred, while adhering to the Quran and Hadiths, which are the sources of traditional prophetic defense methods.