The effects of different warm-up protocols on stroke mechanics, blood lactate levels, performance, relationship of MCT1 gene in swimming

The purpose of this research; the acute and chronic effects of three different warm-up protocols (critical velocity (KH); kick, drill, swimming (ADY); critical velocity, kick, drill, swimming (KHADY)); no warm-up (IY) on stroke mechanics, blood lactate in the 4x50m maximal mixed swimming test. In addition, it's to evaluate the relationship of blood lactate and end time with monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene. A total of 60 swimmers in 12-15 age group (n=33 girls; 27 boys) participated in the study voluntarily. Anthropometric measurements were made at the beginning and end of the study, and isokinetic shoulder strength test was applied. Afterwards, swimmers performed KH, ADY, KHADY, IY and were asked to perform mixed maximal of 4x50m. During performance, right-left shoulder angles and stroke mechanics parameters were calculated. After each 50m, their heart rate was measured with the Polar OH1. The lactate of them were taken from the fingertips with a Lactate Scout+ pre-post performance. The ratings of perceived exertion of the swimmers were recorded immediately. Intraoral epithelial cell samples were taken for MCT1. After the preliminary measurements, all swimmers were divided into three groups, applied the desired KH, ADY, KHADY warm-up protocol for 8 weeks at the beginning of the training. At the end of 8 weeks, the test protocols made at the beginning of the study were repeated. This work was supported by Halic University Scientific Research Coordinator (HBAP-III-3). IBM SPSS 24.0 program was used for data analysis. The conformity of the data to the normal distribution was determined by the Skewness-Kurtosis values. Paired-Samples t-test, Independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Repeated Measures ANOVA and Ki-Kare test were used (p<0.05). It has been proven that different warm-up protocols applied before the competition have an acute effect on physiological and biomechanical parameters. It was determined that MCT1 dominant genotype had positive relationship with lactic acid and end time. Keywords: Swimming, Warm-up, Stroke Mechanics, Blood Lactate, MCT1.