2000'li yılların başından itibaren Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerinin karmaşık karşılıklı bağımlılık yaklaşımı ile analizi

The historical background of Turkey-Russia relations consisted of a number of contradictions, which often led to conflicts. The Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire had been engaged in many wars from 16th century to 20th century. Throughout the Cold War period, Republic of Turkey was a loyal member of the US-led Western Bloc and NATO, while Soviet Union led the rival Eastern Bloc. With the ending of the Cold War, potential for cooperation among the two countries considerably increased in the 1990s and this relationship has then evolved into complex interdependence by the 21st century. This study seeks to analyze Turkey-Russia relations in the 2000s through complex interdependence approach. It is argued that the characteristics of complex interdependence approach including non-hierarchy among issues, multiple channels of interaction and diminishing role of the military forces have prevailed in Turkey-Russia relations since the early 2000s. The study attracts attention to both spheres of conflict such as Syrian, Ukrainian and Libyan crises and spheres of cooperation such as economic relations, energy issues, as well as conflict resolution. It is pointed out that due to complex interdependence among them, the two countries have managed to compartmentalize divergent issues in their bilateral relations and have not allowed contradictory issues to manipulate their collaboration in some critical issues. Keywords: Russia, Turkey, complex interdependence approach, Turkey-Russia relations, Syrian crisis, Ukrainian crisis.