The stylistic functioning of Abdülhak Hâmid's poetic language

Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan (1852-1937) is one of founders of the modern Turkish poetry. The innovations made by Şair-i Azam, who is known to have deeply influenced Turkish poetry, especially his poems with death and nature themes, are also extremely important. In addition, the poetry of Abdülhak Hâmid spreads over a very long period. Therefore, when examining the poem of Abdülhak Hâmid, it should be divided into periods. In the study, the poem of Abdülhak Hâmid is divided into the following four periods: 1- Before Makber: Garam, Sahra, Divaneliklerim yahud Belde and Other Poems, 2- From a Black Apocalypse to Acceptance: Makber, Ölü, Hacle, 3- After Makber, 4- Last Poems. While the Abdülhak Hâmid poem was divided into these four periods, the publication dates of the poems were also considered, and at the same time, the style and content of the poems were not ignored. In this context, Makber was chosen as a turning point, and the periods were formed accordingly. After the formation of the eras, the poem of Abdülhak Hâmid was analyzed under three parts: the level of narrative, the level of discursiveness and the figurative level. Based on the data and concepts of stylistics (foregrounding, repetition, deviation, etc.) at the level of narration, the innovations of Abdülhak Hâmid's poetry in the expression level and the language of poetry have been tried to be revealed. At the level of discursiveness, the themes of the poems were determined and analyzed by making use of paratextual elements (memories, letters, etc.). Finally, at the figurative level, the use of figurative language (metaphor, metonymy, paradox, simile, etc.) has been determined and it has been revealed how these uses affect Abdülhak Hâmid's poetry both in terms of expression and content.