Political and cultural history of Afghanistan (From the beginning of historical periods to 1747)

Afghanistan has been the migration route of the Central Asian peoples, the target point of the invaders, and one of the most important crossroads of cultural and economic relations throughout history. Afghanistan, which has a wide range of cultures, is called "the roof and heartland of the world". Its strategic importance in terms of geopolitics is remarkable and it has been one of the world's attraction centers throughout history. Due to its geopolitical importance, countries and rulers who have pursued a policy of becoming a global power throughout history have been locked on Afghanistan. For this reason, it has been invaded many times since ancient times. The fact that the country has experienced different ideological governments with sudden and radical changes throughout its history is one of the features that makes Afghanistan different. Afghanistan remained under the rule of states founded by Persians, Alexander the Great, Turkish-Islamic, Turkish-Mongol communities until 1747, when Ahmet Shah Durrani declared the first Afghan state. Afshar Nadır Shah was the last Turkish ruler to reign in Afghanistan. In this study; From the beginning of historical periods until 1747, Afghanistan's historical cities, demographic structure, Aryan theory, Persians period, Alexander the Great period, Turks' domination in the region, Islamic conquests, political events that developed after the spread of Islam in the region, Turkish-Islam, Turkish-Mongolian The socio-cultural life of the states was researched and written.