Akut koroner sendrom geçiren hastalarda risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi

Background: Although coronary atherosclerosis mostly causes coronary artery disease (CAD), occlusive lesions and atherosclerotic plaques in coronary vessels can cause acute ischemia in the myocardium. All of the ischemic conditions that develop in a short time and threaten the myocardial tissue are defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The risk of sudden death and myocardial necrosis is high in acute coronary syndrome. The most effective way to reduce this risk is to identify risk factors and control them before ACS develops. If individuals at risk of ACS are identified and their risk factors are controlled, fatal and non-fatal exposure to ischemic events can also be avoided. Thus, mortality rates of individuals and society due to cardiovascular diseases can be reduced. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Quantitative research was used in the design of the study. A non probability (Accidental sample) of 220 patients who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The period of sample collection is from Dec. 2nd , 2021 to Oct.1st ,2022. The data were collected face to face with a sociodemographic .In the analysis of the data, frequncy, percentage, mean, standard deviation, bar chart and chi-square tests were used. The study instrument consists of three parts: Part 1 Demographic Data, Part 2 Clinical Data and Part 3 Laboratory Examinations. Results: The mean age of the participants was 59.97± 11.24 (female 58.5±10.23, male 60.7±11.15), 65% male, 78.2% married, 46.8% self-employed, 65.5% living in the urban. In addition, 24.5% had both HT and DM diagnoses, 56.4% had stent and balloon application, 83.6% were under treatment, 42.3% smoked, 92.7% not used alcohol, 57.7% was found to have a family history of cardiovascular disease. From the laboratory values, BMI 25-29.9 47.7%, Ejection Fraction (EF)52.7% with 41-55%, HDL<42 mg/dl 54.5%, Total cholesterol<200 mg/dl 57.3%, Triglyceride >131 mg/dl It was found to be 81.4%, LDL<130 mg/dl 65.5%. A statistically significant difference was found between sociodemographic characteristics, marital status, education level and monthly income, previous diagnosis status and BMI (p<0.05). Conclusion: In our study, it was found that patients who had ACS had CAD risk factors (having systemic diseases, smoking, dyslipidemia, high body mass index). Routine screening of individuals in the community for CAD and the risk of having ACS, and planning projects and trainings to increase the awareness of CAD and ACS in the community can be recommended.