Cryogenic cooling methods and comparison

Cryogenic cooling techniques, which we refer to as cooling techniques to extremely low temperatures, are techniques that emerged experimentally and become important over time. Cryogenic cooling techniques include cryocoolers and sub-Kelvin cooling techniques that cool below 1 K. Sub-Kelvin cooling systems are experimental and expensive systems. Cryocoolers, which are the title to be detailed within the scope of the thesis, are systems with different capacities and cooling to different cryogenic temperature ranges, and it would be appropriate to examine them in two main groups as recuperatives and regeneratives in general. In this context, the picture that appears together with the information I have obtained through literature study and research is that in this sector, while global large companies have dominance in the market in certain countries, there are companies dealing with local small-scale cryocooler businesses in other countries. There are three companies operating on cryogenic cooling systems in our country. There are some issues to consider when choosing a cryocooler. For instance, recuperative cryocoolers (especially Claude and J-T) are mostly used in facilities, integrated with large systems. Regenerative cryocoolers are evaluated in terms of general use and laboratory studies. GM and Stirling cryocoolers are the most preferred cryocoolers in general use. PTC, on the other hand, are the preferred cryocoolers for use in laboratories. Brayton, one of the recuperative cryocoolers, is also suitable for general use. It is important to determine criteria for the selection of cryocoolers, taking into account the conditions for cryogenic cooling. These criteria can be shaped according to the expectations from the cryogenic cooling system. E.g; low vibration is important in an experimental study, then pulse tube cryocoolers, which are cryogenic systems with low vibration values, may be the first choice. Whether experiments will be carried out on cooling at temperatures below 1 K, then a choice can be made among sub-Kelvin cooling systems. Cryogenic cooling systems can be characterized as an area where it would be beneficial to concentrate on for our country.