Batı Karadeniz bölgesi siyez (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) ve gernik (Triticum dicoccum Schrank.) buğdaylarının coğrafi dağılımı ile yetiştiği tarlaların ve danelerinin makro ve mikro element içerik çeşitliliklerinin belirlenmesi

In this study, we have collected nine populations of einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and emmer (Triticum dicoccum schrank.) wheat from five provinces (Bolu, Kastamonu, Karabük, Sinop, Samsun) of the Western Black sea region in July-August 2016, one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) for comparison. Economic, marketing, and social structures in these areas of cultivation were identified by the help of 53 questionnaires. The data were evaluated by SPSS program. In situ cultivation and natural harvesting of einkorn and emmer wheat were observed in all five provinces but larger in Kastamonu İhsangazi and Bolu Seben district. The most important feature that distinguishes old einkorn wheat from modern wheat is the difficulties in processing. However, nowadays, the importance of cultivation and the cultivation areas are increasing especially in İhsangazi and even exported abroad because of the increase in demand for natural nutrients. In wheat samples we collected, macro (N, P, K) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), energy, carbohydrate, protein, starch, fat, fiber, sugar, crude ash and protein analyses were run in Special Food Control Laboratory at Konya Laboratory and Storage, Agriculture, Food, Energy A.C. Furthermore, saturation, salt, pH, CaCO₃ (lime), active lime, K₂O (Potassium Oxide), P₂O₅ (Phosphorus Pentoxide), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and organic matter in were determined in Soil and Leaf Analyses Laboratory Bolu Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Province Directory. According to ANOVA results, N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn values were significant in terms of element content of, the wheat samples and Cu was not significant. In terms of other properties, 1000 grain weight, crude protein, energy, crude cellulose, crude oil, hectoliter, carbohydrate, starch, sugar are significant, but raw ash has not significant. According to ANOVA analysis, soil samples significantly differed for N, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Zn, Mn, and Mg. Other properties were significant for saturation, pH, CaCO₃ (lime), active lime, K₂O (potassium oxide), P₂O₅ (phosphorus pentoxide) but not for salt and EC. In wheat samples according to Least significant difference (LSD) table; differentiated population-4 the highest for P, K, Cu, Fe and Mn, Kunduru-1149 the highest for 1000 grain weight, crude protein, energy, raw cellulose, and hectoliter, population-8 had the highest energy, crude oil, carbohydrate, and starch. In soil samples according to LCD table; population-5 had the highest in terms of Cu, Ca and Mg, population-8 of N, Fe, and Mn. Population-2 had the highest N and Zn elements and other contents of CaCO₃, active lime, EC, K₂O, organic matter, P₂O₅, and salt is the front plan compared to other populations. Correlation in 11 wheat samples were highly significant between N-Cu (0.926), P-Mn (0.838), P-K (0.788), carbohydrate-starch (0.975), energy-starch (0.817), energy-carbohydrate (0.762); significant between Zn-Mn (0.634), crude protein-starch (-0.605), crude protein-carbohydrate (-0.706), crude protein-crude cellulose (0.609), crude cellulose-sugar (-0.687), hectoliter-starch (-0.691), hectoliter-carbohydrate (-0.626) while the others were not significant. Correlation in soil samples between Fe-Mn (0.802), total N-Mn (0.736), CaCO₃-active lime (1.000), saturation-salt (0.829), organic matter-P₂O (0.789), CaCO₃-K₂O (0.750), active lime-K₂O (0.749) were highly significant; between total N-Zn (0.725), Cu-Mg (0.704), Cu-Ca (0.608) were significant while the others were not significant. Two main groups were formed in the dendogram for 11 wheat samples, ten samples were in the first main group and population-4 alone in the second group. Two main groups were formed for 11 soil samples in the dendogram, the first main group were consisted of five populations and the second main group were consisted of six populations.