Deniz yoluyla taşınması sırasında sıvılaşabilen dökme yüklerin fiziksel değişiminin analizi

It may seem obvious to say that, today, we live in a global world, and that global economy simply could not function if it were not for ships and the shipping industry. As the world became more developed, proximity to raw materials and to markets became the factors that, shaped the world's economy and, in particular, the major trade patterns and shipping routes. Eventually, the great seaborne trades became established, coal from Australia, Southern Africa and North America to Europe and the Far East; grain from North and South America to Asia, Africa and the Far East; concentrated ore from South America and Australia to Europe and the Far East. Shipping is perhaps the most international of all the world's great industries and one of the most dangerous. Recently one of the main dangers at bulk carrier vessels is after loaded as solid bulk cargo become to behave like liquid due to the ship vibration and ship motions during seaborne transportation. Some these solid bulk cargoes such as concentrated ores, unprocessed nickel ores, iron ore fines and bauxite contain sufficient moisture, then cargo compaction during a voyage can cause liquefaction. This has been known to result in major cargo displacement (cargo shift), causing the vessel to capsize. This has resulted in a number of fatalities. To provide context to this problem, an overview of the key considerations is presented, which includes: a summary of the wide range of factors that influence a cargo's likelihood to shift; the soil mechanics principles that can be used to explain cargo shift; and the regulatory controls that are used to prevent its occurrence during shipment. Under the requirements of international maritime regulation, primarily the International Maritime Bulk Solid Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, a cargo that may liquefy must be shipped below a threshold moisture content, the 'Transportable Moisture Limit' (TML)—as determined from one of three laboratory test methods specified within the IMSBC Code. These concerns, this study has aimed to identify any issues inherent in the TML tests and provisions in the IMSBC Code. The aim of the this study is analysis physical change of liquefy bulk cargo during sea transportation. At the first chapter of this study liquefy cargoes are defined. The ship accidents have caused by these cargoes which may liquefy are explained from past to present. Besides, transportable moisture limit (TML) and flow moisture point (FMP) are explained. At the second chapter of the study, the effect of liquefy cargoes on ship stability, the historical developments about liquefy cargo to prevent loss of lives are mentioned in detail. At the third chapter of the study, the tests to find moisture and transportable value according to IMSBC Code are explained and the bauxite that origin of Mersin tested by smitulated ship motions and vibrations at laboratory environment and physical changes of bauxite analyzed and observed. At the last chapter of this study, recommendations are given to minimize the negative effect of liquefy cargoes.