Distribution of trace elements in tobacco and shisha products in Turkey and accumulation on their smoke

Some heavy metal (chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and cadmium) concentrations in various tobaccos and different parts after smoking namely ash and smoke were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-AES). Distribution of analytes between ash and smoke were searched using 22 different kinds of tobacco (cigarette, cigar, shisha). Digestion of samples was achieved by heating them in concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to 180oC. Ashing was done at 400 °C for 2 h. In order to determine the heavy metals in smoke, a practical sampling method was designed collecting smoke on water and method was validated using standard reference material. Results obtained from smoke collecting, ashing, and digestion methods comply with theoretical calculations at 95% confidence level. Proposed smoke sampling technique was practical.