Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding cancer screening programs among adults aged 50–65 in the center of Edirne province

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals aged 50–65 living in the central district of Edirne regarding national cancer screening programs. The purpose was to contribute to increasing awareness about cancer screening, improving early diagnosis rates, and enhancing the effectiveness of screening services. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in the city center of Edirne between November 8, 2024, and February 28, 2025. The study population consisted of individuals aged 50–65 registered at family health centers, and 401 volunteers who agreed to participate were included. Data were collected using a 65-item questionnaire developed by the researcher based on a literature review, which included the "Cancer Screening Knowledge Scale" and the "Cancer Screening Attitude Scale (Short Form)." The mean age of participants was 56.45 ± 4.59 years; 50.9% were male and 49.1% were female. The mean knowledge scale score was 18.18 ± 2.44, while the mean attitude scale score was 44.35 ± 5.38. Overall, 60.6% of participants had an adequate level of knowledge. Cancer screening was recommended to 54.9% of participants, and 44.1% had undergone at least one screening. Screening recommendations were most frequently made by family physicians (60.9%). A statistically significant relationship was found between screening behavior and 47 gender, marital status, alcohol consumption, exercise, having a first-degree relative with a history of cancer, and receiving recommendations from healthcare professionals. Women had significantly higher knowledge levels than men. Participants who received information from their family physicians had higher knowledge scores. A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude scores. Although individuals aged 50–65 living in the Edirne city center generally have adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward cancer screenings, the screening participation rate remains below the World Health Organization's recommended target of 70%. Family physicians' guidance and informational activities play a critical role in promoting screening behavior. Expanding community-based health education and strengthening counseling services in primary care could help increase participation rates in cancer screening programs. Keywords: Cancer screening, knowledge, attitude, behavior, family medicine