Investigation of the useage of electric arc furnace slag as aggregate in bituminous treated base

This study is presented as a graduate thesis, The slag is assessed by its usage as an aggregate bituminous treated base, taking into account of basic criterias specified in Republic of Turkey General Directorate of Highways Technical Specification 2013. Enverimental problem showed up with industrial revolution. Although people are increasing their startdart of life economically by developtment of industry and technology, eart start to get a sick by polluted. As long as we arent stop this chaos, our resersours will be finish. So we will engaged to local wars, uncoordinated industrialization, famisment and disturp natural balance. As long as we can recycling to plastics, paper, some fossil oil products, rocks etc. As far as we know collection, transportation, transaction and disposal of waste materials are part of waste management. In 2014, 1636 million ton steel are produce in the world, besides 34 million tonnes steel are produce in Turkey. Nearly 130 – 150 kg slag have been released druring producing 1 ton steel. As long as calculate slag producing, approximately 5,1 million tonnes slag have been released every year in Turkey. In our country, the place of construction sector in economy is incrasing gradually. Following that the demand of materials used in the construction sector is also incrasing. Also pavement construction is more consume natural resources than other branches of civil engineering. Huge quantities of natural materiales, rocks, fossil oil and sand are constructed into kilometers of constructed roads or in reconstruction of fault roads. Given the limited resources of our country,as in many areas the recycling of waste materials to useful resources is beneficial to both environment and minimization of the production costs. As far as we know, we are using huge of amount of aggregate in the construction sector. Every year we are using million tonnes aggregate for built something. If we can give some example, need of aggregate for hospital building is 2,800 tones, for a hotel building is 1,100 tones and for 1 km highway construction is 30,000 tones. This example show us how much aggregate we are using in order construction. Acording to not reduce aggregate amount, we can change aggregate materials. Every year we are spent a lot of money for road building. As far as we know aggregate is huge amount in budget of road building. If we can replace natural aggregate to blast furnace slag, electic ark furnace slag or basic oxygen furnace slag, we can save our natural resource and our money. Blast furnace slag, electic ark furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag are stocked as wasted materials. However, they havent a classification. If goverment and some big firm are deal for useage such kind of slag, it will be helpful our natural resources and enverimental polluted. In the first part of the study, the purpose and the scope of the thesis is explained. İn the second part the information about pavement types (rigid, flexiable and composit), subbase course and granular layers (subbase, base) are given. The third part of the study describes materials used in flexible highway pavements and their properties. In this part, while general information about bitumen is given, the useage of aggregate in flexible highway pavements are exmined seperately according to Republic of Turkey General Directorate of Highways Technical Specification 2013, the specification limits and test standards of area gradiation limits, compression criterias and physical properties are presented in charts. In the fourth part, Steel industry and steel production in the World and in Turkey are described. In that part statistical information about steel production is given and basic parts of the steel manufacturing processes are described. In addition to this subjects, in this part give main information about electic ark furnace and basic oxygen furnace. In the fifth part, slag formation and current usage of slag is explained. In this section, given three types of slag which are called as blast furnace slag, electic ark furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag. And given some staticals data about use of blast furnace slag, electic ark furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag. In the sixth part of the study, the laboratuary operation of EAF slag and natural aggregate is described. The materials used in experiment environment are given and in bituminous treated base, experiments described in Republic of Turkey General Directorate of Highways Technical Specification 2013 namely sieve analysis, specific bulk density and water absorbtion experiment, abrasion (Los Angles) experiment, frost and defrost against air influence experiment, clay lumps and friable grain ratio test, flatness index test, peel strength test aggregation experimens consisting of organic matter experiment and methylene blue experiment and penetration test and also bituminous experiment which is an aggregation test are explained step by step. Afterwards, experiment stages of Marshall experiment and calculation method are described. In the seventh part, results of the aggregate, bitumen and marshall experiment, described in sixth chapter, are calculated and compared with the specification limits. In this part, given some graph and calculate about natural aggregate and electic ark furnace slag. Useage of electic ark furnace slag and natural aggregate's graph, find optimum bitumen for each of them. And compare electric ark furnace slag's graph and natural aggregate's graph. The eighth chapter as conclusion, test results are evaluated and conclutions regarding the usability of electric ark furnace slag in bituminous treated base, are given. Mainly, electric ark furnace slag has need some classfication of current standarts as fill material and granuler layers of pavement.