Expression of efflux pumps in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples (wound infection)

In the current study, 100 samples of wounds were collected from both sexes and of different ages for a period from May 2022 to November 2022 from Teaching Laboratories Hospital / Medical City, Martyr Ghazi Hariri Hospital and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. 19 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was taken from wounds infection. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar for the diagnosis then it underwent several microscopic, phenotypic and biochemical tests. Where included oxidase, Indole, Urease, Glucose and Triple sugar-iron test (TSI). Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to 11 antibiotics tested the disc diffusion method. It has been shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa has multi-antibiotic resistance. It showed that the isolates are resistant to Levofloxim 42%, Ciprofloxacin 40%, Piperacillin tazobactam 35%, Amicacin 32%, Ceftazidime 31%, Gentamicin 31%, Cefepime30%, Piperacillin 29%, Tobramycin 29%, Imipenem 17% and Meropenem 16%. The ability of bacteria to produce efflux pump was also studied using the Ethidium Bromide Agar Cartwheel Method where it was found that 8/19 isolates (42%) were positive. The efflux pump genes mexA, mexB, oprM were studied. The results of this study showed that all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa possess mexA and mexB by 100%.